Corrections and Retractions

Correction: a significant but non-invalidating error.   Retraction: findings or integrity no longer reliable.   Expression of Concern: serious unresolved concerns requiring readers to be alerted.

Jurnal Venus, published by Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Makassar, is committed to protecting the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the scholarly record. The journal addresses significant errors and concerns identified after publication through appropriate corrections, retractions, or Expressions of Concern.

This policy applies to all articles published in Jurnal Venus and to concerns raised by authors, editors, reviewers, readers, research institutions, and other relevant parties. The journal follows applicable principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), including its Retraction Guidelines.

A Correction (also referred to as an erratum or corrigendum, as appropriate) may be issued when an error in a published article needs to be corrected but does not invalidate the overall findings, interpretation, or conclusions.

• Errors in names, affiliations, acknowledgments, funding disclosures, or other bibliographic information that require a formal amendment.
• Factual, typographical, methodological, or presentation errors that could mislead readers but do not undermine the principal conclusions.
• Changes to authorship information when appropriate supporting evidence and author or institutional clarification have been obtained.

A correction notice should identify the original article, describe the change clearly, indicate the publication date of the notice, and link to the affected article. Material changes must not be made silently. Where appropriate and technically feasible, the article and its metadata will display a link to the correction.

A Retraction may be issued when the Editor-in-Chief, or another unconflicted editorial authority, determines that the findings, conclusions, or integrity of a published article can no longer be relied upon. Retractions protect readers and correct the scholarly record; they are not intended to punish authors.

Grounds that may justify a retraction include, but are not limited to:

• Major errors or unreliable data or analyses that invalidate essential findings or conclusions.
• Fabrication, falsification, manipulation, or serious misrepresentation of data, images, findings, or research materials.
• Plagiarism, duplicate or redundant publication, or substantial unauthorized reuse of protected material.
• Unethical research practices or substantial violations of applicable research ethics.
• Compromised or manipulated peer review, false identity, or other serious manipulation of the publication process.
• Serious authorship or undisclosed conflict-of-interest issues that materially compromise the integrity or reliability of the publication.

An authorship dispute by itself does not automatically require a retraction if the reliability of the research is not affected. In such cases, a correction or another proportionate measure may be more appropriate.

Requests for a correction, retraction, or Expression of Concern may be submitted by authors, institutions, readers, reviewers, or editors. A report should identify the article (title, authors, publication details, and DOI or URL where available), describe the concern, and provide relevant supporting evidence.

1. Submission of concern: Send the report to the editorial office using the contact information below.
2. Initial assessment: The editors examine whether the matter concerns a minor error, a potentially unreliable article, or a possible ethics violation.
3. Evidence and response: When appropriate, the editors request clarification from the authors and may consult reviewers, institutions, or other qualified parties. Relevant individuals are given a reasonable opportunity to respond.
4. Impartial decision: The handling editor documents the evidence and recommendation. Individuals with a conflict of interest do not decide their own case. The Editor-in-Chief, or an appropriate unconflicted editorial authority, makes the final editorial decision.
5. Action and communication: The journal communicates the outcome as appropriate and publishes any necessary post-publication notice promptly once the decision is sufficiently supported.

Investigations will be conducted fairly, with respect for confidentiality, privacy, and the rights of all parties. The journal does not rely on allegations, automated detection scores, or unverified claims as sufficient evidence on their own.

When an article is retracted, Jurnal Venus will publish a clearly identified, freely accessible Retraction Notice. The notice will, as appropriate:

• Identify the original article by title, author(s), citation information, and DOI or URL.
• State the reasons for the retraction clearly and factually, distinguishing an honest error from substantiated misconduct where relevant.
• Indicate who is issuing the retraction, and link the notice to the original article.
• Provide sufficient explanation while respecting confidentiality and avoiding unsupported or defamatory statements.

The original article will generally remain available as part of the historical scholarly record, with a prominent “Retracted” label and a link to the Retraction Notice in the article landing page and accessible versions where technically feasible. Associated metadata and indexing information will be updated where supported. Removal of the original content will be considered only in exceptional circumstances, such as a legal obligation or a serious safety or privacy risk.

A retraction may be made even if some or all authors disagree or cannot be contacted, provided that the evidence sufficiently supports the editorial decision.

An Expression of Concern may be published when serious doubts about the reliability or integrity of an article have arisen, but the available evidence is insufficient to justify immediate retraction or an investigation is likely to remain unresolved for a significant period.

The notice will explain the nature of the concern to the extent appropriate and be linked to the relevant article. Once an investigation has reached a conclusion, Jurnal Venus will determine whether to publish a correction, a retraction, or a follow-up statement clarifying or resolving the concern. The history of the notice will be preserved for transparency.

The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the final editorial determination regarding corrections, retractions, and Expressions of Concern, except where a conflict of interest requires an alternative unconflicted decision-maker.

Authors will normally be informed of serious concerns and invited to provide relevant explanations or evidence before a final decision. Where disagreement remains, the journal may publish an editorially justified notice without requiring unanimous author approval. Authors or complainants who believe the process was not followed fairly may use the journal’s Complaints and Appeals procedure.

Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Makassar, as the publisher of Jurnal Venus, supports the editorial team in maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record and upholding ethical publishing standards. The publisher supports fair handling of allegations and protects editorial independence.

When significant errors or substantiated publication misconduct are identified, the publisher supports appropriate editorial action, including corrections, Expressions of Concern, retractions, and reliable retention of related notices. The publisher also supports the long-term accessibility and preservation of journal content in accordance with the journal’s Archiving Policy.

This policy will be reviewed periodically by the Jurnal Venus editorial board to reflect changes in best practices, relevant regulations, publishing technologies, and COPE recommendations.

To raise a post-publication concern, contact the Jurnal Venus editorial office at perpustakaan@pipmakassar.ac.id. Please include the article details, a clear explanation of the issue, and any supporting documentation.