Corrections and Retractions

Jurnal Venus, published by Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Makassar, is committed to protecting the accuracy, reliability, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. Significant errors or ethical concerns identified after publication are addressed through appropriate post-publication action.

This policy applies to all content published by Jurnal Venus and to concerns raised by authors, editors, reviewers, readers, institutions, publishers, or other relevant parties. In determining appropriate action, the journal refers to applicable publication-ethics principles and relevant guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

A Correction may be issued when a published article contains an error that requires formal amendment but does not invalidate the principal findings, interpretation, or conclusions of the work.

• errors in author names, affiliations, correspondence details, acknowledgements, funding statements, or other bibliographic metadata;
• factual, typographical, methodological, numerical, or presentation errors that could mislead readers but do not invalidate the main conclusions;
• corrections to references, DOI information, tables, figures, captions, or supplementary material where the integrity of the article remains substantially intact;
• justified changes to authorship information after appropriate documentation, consultation, and editorial assessment.

Material changes must not be made silently. A formal correction notice will identify the original article, clearly describe the change, state the publication date of the notice, and link to the affected article. Where technically appropriate, article metadata in OJS, Crossref, indexing services, and other supported systems will also be updated.

A Retraction may be issued when the Editor-in-Chief, or another qualified and unconflicted editorial authority, concludes that the findings, evidence, conclusions, or integrity of a published article can no longer be relied upon. Retraction is intended to protect readers and correct the scholarly record rather than to serve primarily as a punishment.

Grounds for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

• major errors or unreliable data or analyses that invalidate essential findings or conclusions;
• fabrication, falsification, manipulation, or serious misrepresentation of research data, images, participants, findings, or research materials;
• plagiarism, duplicate publication, redundant publication, or substantial unauthorized reuse of previously published material;
• fabricated, nonexistent, deliberately misleading, or systematically unreliable references that materially compromise the article;
• unethical research practices or serious violations of applicable research-ethics requirements;
• manipulated peer review, false reviewer identity, compromised review records, or other serious manipulation of the editorial process;
• undisclosed or inappropriate use of artificial intelligence that materially affects the originality, reliability, evidence, or integrity of the published work;
• serious authorship or undisclosed conflict-of-interest issues that materially undermine the reliability or integrity of the publication.

An authorship dispute alone does not automatically require retraction when the reliability of the research remains intact. Depending on the circumstances, a formal correction or another proportionate editorial action may be more appropriate.

An Expression of Concern may be published when serious doubts about the reliability or integrity of an article exist but the available evidence is not yet sufficient to justify a correction or retraction, or when an investigation is expected to remain unresolved for a significant period.

The notice will describe the concern to the extent that is appropriate and supported by available evidence and will be linked to the relevant article. Once the matter is resolved, Jurnal Venus may publish a correction, retraction, or follow-up notice explaining the final outcome.

Requests for a correction, retraction, or Expression of Concern may be submitted by authors, institutions, readers, reviewers, editors, or other parties with a legitimate interest in the published record. Reports should identify the article and provide a clear description of the concern together with relevant supporting evidence.

1. Submission of concern: The report is submitted to the Jurnal Venus editorial office.
2. Initial assessment: Editors determine whether the concern relates to a minor error, article reliability, authorship, publication ethics, research integrity, or another matter requiring formal review.
3. Evidence and clarification: Authors or other relevant parties may be asked to provide explanations, source documents, data, ethical approvals, correspondence, or other evidence.
4. Independent assessment: The journal may consult reviewers, qualified experts, the publisher, or relevant institutions when necessary.
5. Conflict management: Any editor or editorial-board member with a relevant conflict of interest must not participate in the final decision.
6. Decision and action: The final outcome is documented and an appropriate post-publication notice is issued when sufficiently supported by the evidence.

Investigations will be conducted fairly, confidentially, and proportionately. Allegations, similarity percentages, AI-detection scores, or other automated outputs are not treated as conclusive evidence on their own.

When an article is retracted, Jurnal Venus will publish a clearly identified and freely accessible Retraction Notice. The notice will, where appropriate:

• identify the original article by title, authors, citation information, and DOI or URL;
• clearly state the reason for retraction;
• distinguish, where supported by evidence, between honest error and substantiated misconduct;
• identify the party issuing the retraction;
• remain permanently linked to the original published article.

The original article will normally remain available as part of the historical scholarly record but will be prominently marked as Retracted and linked to the Retraction Notice. Related metadata in OJS, Crossref, indexing services, and preservation systems will be updated where technically supported.

A retraction may proceed even when one or more authors disagree with the decision or cannot be contacted, provided that the evidence sufficiently supports the editorial action.

Removal of the published article itself is considered only in exceptional circumstances, such as a binding legal requirement, serious privacy violation, substantial risk to public safety, or content that cannot lawfully remain accessible. Where removal is necessary, the article landing page should remain available where legally permissible and should explain why the content was removed.

The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the final editorial determination regarding corrections, Expressions of Concern, and retractions unless a conflict of interest requires another qualified and unconflicted editor or editorial authority to handle the matter.

Authors will normally be informed of significant concerns and given an appropriate opportunity to provide relevant clarification or evidence before a final decision. Unanimous author agreement is not required when the evidence supports necessary action to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.

Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Makassar supports the editorial team in maintaining the integrity and permanence of the scholarly record while respecting editorial independence.

The publisher supports appropriate post-publication action, preservation of notices, correction of supported metadata, and long-term accessibility of journal content in accordance with the journal's Archiving Policy.

Authors, complainants, readers, or other relevant parties who believe that a correction or retraction process was not handled fairly may submit a reasoned complaint or appeal in accordance with the Jurnal Venus Complaints and Appeals Policy. An appeal must identify the specific procedural or evidentiary concern and does not automatically suspend or reverse an editorial action.

This policy is periodically reviewed by the Jurnal Venus editorial board and may be updated to reflect changes in publication-ethics guidance, scholarly-publishing standards, technology, applicable regulations, and journal procedures.

To report a post-publication concern, please contact the Jurnal Venus editorial office at perpustakaan@pipmakassar.ac.id . Please include the article title, authors, DOI or URL where available, a clear explanation of the concern, and supporting evidence.