Mooring, Pilotage, and Towage Services Supporting Vessel Operations at Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang: Layanan Tambat, Pandu, dan Penarikan Kapal untuk Mendukung Operasi Kapal di Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas, Semarang

Muhammad Idris; Agus Sulistiono; Oktovianus Christian Karubaba; I Komang H. P. Adiputra; Intani Zahra Syah

doi:10.48192/vns.v14i1.848

Authors

Muhammad Idris Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong
Agus Sulistiono Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong
Oktovianus Christian Karubaba Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong
I Komang H. P. Adiputra Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong
Intani Zahra Syah Politeknik Pelayaran Sorong

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48192/vns.v14i1.848

Keywords:

Port Service Coordination, Vessel Turnaround, Pilotage Capacity, Tug Assistance, Tidal Flooding, Operational Effectiveness

Abstract

Pilotage, towage, and mooring are interdependent services that shape vessel turnaround and navigational safety at seaports. This study examines constraints affecting these services at Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang, and their relationship with perceived port operational effectiveness. A quantitative, cross-sectional correlational design was reported, using purposive sampling of 60 respondents drawn from port operational personnel and service users. Data were gathered through Likert-scale questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation, and analysed descriptively and through multiple linear regression. Reported field findings included an average pilotage time of approximately 1.5 hours, towage-related delays of 1–2 hours, personnel and tugboat limitations, and tidal flooding that disrupted mooring at Samudera Wharf. The original analysis reported a strong multiple correlation (R approximately 0.832) and an explanatory proportion of approximately 69.2%. A numerical consistency review of the reported sums of squares indicates that the regression includes four predictors pilotage, towage, mooring, and weather impact and that several summary statistics require confirmation from the original software output. The study recommends better pilot and tugboat availability, coordinated service scheduling, digital operational monitoring, and flood-resilient mooring arrangements. Its quantitative findings should be interpreted as associations, not evidence of causality.

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