Optimizing Lifting Equipment Safety in Container Handling Operations: A Comprehensive Strategy to Minimize Workplace Accidents at PT Pelindo Terminal Petikemas New Makassar
Keywords:
Workplace safety, container terminal, preventive maintenance, workplace accidents, digital technologyAbstract
Workplace accidents at ports, particularly during the operation of container handling equipment, remain a critical issue that threatens both worker safety and operational efficiency. At the New Makassar Container Terminal, despite the implementation of safety procedures, gaps in their execution persist, increasing the risk of accidents. This study aims to identify the factors affecting workplace safety in the operation of lifting equipment at the New Makassar Container Terminal and to formulate strategies for optimizing workplace safety. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative methods (case study, in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis) with quantitative methods (statistical analysis of accident data). The findings indicate that technical factors, such as equipment condition and maintenance, human factors related to training and safety communication, and environmental factors like extreme weather, significantly contribute to workplace accidents. This research recommends enhancing preventive equipment maintenance, improving the socialization of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and implementing digital technology for real-time monitoring of equipment and weather conditions to improve workplace safety at the port. These findings are applicable not only to large ports in Indonesia but also globally.
References
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Cao, X., & Lam, J. S. L. (2018). Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1516049
Chen, R., Zhang, J., & Wang, H. (2025). Autonomous fleet management system in smart ports: Practical design and analytical considerations. Multimodal Transportation, 4(3), 100211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2025.100211
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks.
Fabiano, B., Currò, F., Reverberi, A. P., & Pastorino, R. (2010). Port safety and the container revolution: A statistical study on human factor and occupational accidents over the long period. Safety Science, 48(8), 980–990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.08.007
Filomena, M., & Picchio, M. (2024). Unsafe temperatures, unsafe jobs: The impact of weather conditions on work-related injuries. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 224(1), 851–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.016
Gonçalves, A., Dutra, A., & Mussi, C. C. (2025). Occupational risks and health and safety management strategies in the port sector: A systematic literature review. Safety Science, 184, 106767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106767
Hakim, A., Hariyono, W., & Solikhah, S. (2024). Analysis of safety talks or safety communication in industry : a literature review. EduHealt, 15(1), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v15i01
Issa-Zadeh, B., & Garay-Rondero, C. (2025). Maritime Pilotage and Sustainable Seaport: A Systematic Review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(5), 945–965. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050945
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Maulidia, D., Ardani, M. F., & Sulistiawati, S. (2024). Analisis Keselamatan Dan Evaluasi Risiko Kecelakaan:Studi Kasus Kerusakan Dermaga Akibat Keputusan Olah Gerak Di Pelabuhan XYZ. 25(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.33556/jstm
Mugenda, O. ., & Mugenda. (2003). Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. ACT.
Nurwani Sarah, A. dan C. P. (2018). Analisis kinerja operasional peralatan bongkar muat peti kemas di pelabuhan makassar. Sensistek, 1(1), 100–103.
Phuong, H., Quy, P., Nguyen, P., Khoa, D., Nguyen, P., & Duc, V. (2023). Application of IoT Technologies in Seaport Management. JOIV, 7(1), 228–240. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.1.1697 Abstract
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Rahman, N., Wahyudi, A., Sari, S. M., Nur’aina Basir, & Nurhapipa. (2023). Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 ) Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Di PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Dumai Tahun 2023. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(3), 3447–3462.
Ramadhani, T. N., & Hasibuan, A. (2024). Pengaruh Pelatihan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Pengurangan Tingkat Kecelakaan Di Tempat Kerja. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(6), 550–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i6.610
Shinta Mardiana Dewi, Ririn Dwi Astuti Kartikasari, A. P. (2024). Sinergitas Job Safety Analysis Dan Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Sebagai Katalisator Keselamatan Kerja Di Pelabuhan Indonesia. Edunomika, 8(4), 1–14.
Verschuur, J., Koks, E. E., & Hall, J. W. (2020). Port disruptions due to natural disasters: Insights into port and logistics resilience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102393
Walters, David, & Wadsworth, Emma. (2020). Arrangements for workers’ safety and health in container terminals: Corporate core values and concrete practice. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 43(1), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X19893767
Wang, K., Xu, H., Wang, H., Qiu, R., Hu, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Digital twin-driven safety management and decision support approach for port operations and logistics. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1455522
Zhang et al., J. (2024). A multidimensional framework for port operational efficiency. Maritime Economics & Logistics.
Arnold, J., Doda, D., & Rahayu, H. (2020). Analisis Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pemeliharaan Alat Container Crane dan Rubber Tyred Gantries. Jurnal E-Biomedik, 8(2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v8i2.29553
Basulo-ribeiro, J. (2024). Industry 4 . 0 Supporting Logistics Towards Smart Ports : Benefits , Challenges and Trends Based on A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management JIEM, 17(2), 492–515. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.6180
Budiyanto, M. A., & Fernanda, H. (2020). Risk assessment of work accident in container terminals using the fault tree analysis method. In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (Vol. 8, Issue 6, pp. 68–83). https://doi.org/10.3390/JMSE8060466
Cao, X., & Lam, J. S. L. (2018). Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1516049
Chen, R., Zhang, J., & Wang, H. (2025). Autonomous fleet management system in smart ports: Practical design and analytical considerations. Multimodal Transportation, 4(3), 100211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2025.100211
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks.
Fabiano, B., Currò, F., Reverberi, A. P., & Pastorino, R. (2010). Port safety and the container revolution: A statistical study on human factor and occupational accidents over the long period. Safety Science, 48(8), 980–990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.08.007
Filomena, M., & Picchio, M. (2024). Unsafe temperatures, unsafe jobs: The impact of weather conditions on work-related injuries. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 224(1), 851–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.016
Gonçalves, A., Dutra, A., & Mussi, C. C. (2025). Occupational risks and health and safety management strategies in the port sector: A systematic literature review. Safety Science, 184, 106767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106767
Hakim, A., Hariyono, W., & Solikhah, S. (2024). Analysis of safety talks or safety communication in industry : a literature review. EduHealt, 15(1), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v15i01
Issa-Zadeh, B., & Garay-Rondero, C. (2025). Maritime Pilotage and Sustainable Seaport: A Systematic Review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(5), 945–965. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050945
Li, W., Bai, X., Yang, D., & Hou, Y. (2023). Maritime connectivity, transport infrastructure expansion and economic growth: A global perspective. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 170(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103609
Maulidia, D., Ardani, M. F., & Sulistiawati, S. (2024). Analisis Keselamatan Dan Evaluasi Risiko Kecelakaan:Studi Kasus Kerusakan Dermaga Akibat Keputusan Olah Gerak Di Pelabuhan XYZ. 25(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.33556/jstm
Mugenda, O. ., & Mugenda. (2003). Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. ACT.
Nurwani Sarah, A. dan C. P. (2018). Analisis kinerja operasional peralatan bongkar muat peti kemas di pelabuhan makassar. Sensistek, 1(1), 100–103.
Phuong, H., Quy, P., Nguyen, P., Khoa, D., Nguyen, P., & Duc, V. (2023). Application of IoT Technologies in Seaport Management. JOIV, 7(1), 228–240. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.1.1697 Abstract
Produção, G., Costella, M., Dalcanton, F., Cardinal, S., Vilbert, S., & Pelegrini, G. (2020). Maintenance, occupational health and safety: a systematic review of the literature. Gestão & Produção, 27(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530x3922-20
Rahman, N., Wahyudi, A., Sari, S. M., Nur’aina Basir, & Nurhapipa. (2023). Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 ) Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Di PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Dumai Tahun 2023. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(3), 3447–3462.
Ramadhani, T. N., & Hasibuan, A. (2024). Pengaruh Pelatihan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Pengurangan Tingkat Kecelakaan Di Tempat Kerja. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(6), 550–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i6.610
Shinta Mardiana Dewi, Ririn Dwi Astuti Kartikasari, A. P. (2024). Sinergitas Job Safety Analysis Dan Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Sebagai Katalisator Keselamatan Kerja Di Pelabuhan Indonesia. Edunomika, 8(4), 1–14.
Verschuur, J., Koks, E. E., & Hall, J. W. (2020). Port disruptions due to natural disasters: Insights into port and logistics resilience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102393
Walters, David, & Wadsworth, Emma. (2020). Arrangements for workers’ safety and health in container terminals: Corporate core values and concrete practice. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 43(1), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X19893767
Wang, K., Xu, H., Wang, H., Qiu, R., Hu, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Digital twin-driven safety management and decision support approach for port operations and logistics. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1455522
Zhang et al., J. (2024). A multidimensional framework for port operational efficiency. Maritime Economics & Logistics.
Arnold, J., Doda, D., & Rahayu, H. (2020). Analisis Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pemeliharaan Alat Container Crane dan Rubber Tyred Gantries. Jurnal E-Biomedik, 8(2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v8i2.29553
Basulo-ribeiro, J. (2024). Industry 4 . 0 Supporting Logistics Towards Smart Ports : Benefits , Challenges and Trends Based on A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management JIEM, 17(2), 492–515. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.6180
Budiyanto, M. A., & Fernanda, H. (2020). Risk assessment of work accident in container terminals using the fault tree analysis method. In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (Vol. 8, Issue 6, pp. 68–83). https://doi.org/10.3390/JMSE8060466
Cao, X., & Lam, J. S. L. (2018). Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1516049
Chen, R., Zhang, J., & Wang, H. (2025). Autonomous fleet management system in smart ports: Practical design and analytical considerations. Multimodal Transportation, 4(3), 100211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2025.100211
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks.
Fabiano, B., Currò, F., Reverberi, A. P., & Pastorino, R. (2010). Port safety and the container revolution: A statistical study on human factor and occupational accidents over the long period. Safety Science, 48(8), 980–990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.08.007
Filomena, M., & Picchio, M. (2024). Unsafe temperatures, unsafe jobs: The impact of weather conditions on work-related injuries. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 224(1), 851–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.016
Gonçalves, A., Dutra, A., & Mussi, C. C. (2025). Occupational risks and health and safety management strategies in the port sector: A systematic literature review. Safety Science, 184, 106767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106767
Hakim, A., Hariyono, W., & Solikhah, S. (2024). Analysis of safety talks or safety communication in industry : a literature review. EduHealt, 15(1), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v15i01
Issa-Zadeh, B., & Garay-Rondero, C. (2025). Maritime Pilotage and Sustainable Seaport: A Systematic Review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(5), 945–965. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050945
Li, W., Bai, X., Yang, D., & Hou, Y. (2023). Maritime connectivity, transport infrastructure expansion and economic growth: A global perspective. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 170(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103609
Maulidia, D., Ardani, M. F., & Sulistiawati, S. (2024). Analisis Keselamatan Dan Evaluasi Risiko Kecelakaan:Studi Kasus Kerusakan Dermaga Akibat Keputusan Olah Gerak Di Pelabuhan XYZ. 25(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.33556/jstm
Mugenda, O. ., & Mugenda. (2003). Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. ACT.
Nurwani Sarah, A. dan C. P. (2018). Analisis kinerja operasional peralatan bongkar muat peti kemas di pelabuhan makassar. Sensistek, 1(1), 100–103.
Phuong, H., Quy, P., Nguyen, P., Khoa, D., Nguyen, P., & Duc, V. (2023). Application of IoT Technologies in Seaport Management. JOIV, 7(1), 228–240. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.1.1697 Abstract
Produção, G., Costella, M., Dalcanton, F., Cardinal, S., Vilbert, S., & Pelegrini, G. (2020). Maintenance, occupational health and safety: a systematic review of the literature. Gestão & Produção, 27(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530x3922-20
Rahman, N., Wahyudi, A., Sari, S. M., Nur’aina Basir, & Nurhapipa. (2023). Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 ) Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Di PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Dumai Tahun 2023. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(3), 3447–3462.
Ramadhani, T. N., & Hasibuan, A. (2024). Pengaruh Pelatihan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Pengurangan Tingkat Kecelakaan Di Tempat Kerja. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(6), 550–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i6.610
Shinta Mardiana Dewi, Ririn Dwi Astuti Kartikasari, A. P. (2024). Sinergitas Job Safety Analysis Dan Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Sebagai Katalisator Keselamatan Kerja Di Pelabuhan Indonesia. Edunomika, 8(4), 1–14.
Verschuur, J., Koks, E. E., & Hall, J. W. (2020). Port disruptions due to natural disasters: Insights into port and logistics resilience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102393
Walters, David, & Wadsworth, Emma. (2020). Arrangements for workers’ safety and health in container terminals: Corporate core values and concrete practice. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 43(1), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X19893767
Wang, K., Xu, H., Wang, H., Qiu, R., Hu, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Digital twin-driven safety management and decision support approach for port operations and logistics. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1455522
Zhang et al., J. (2024). A multidimensional framework for port operational efficiency. Maritime Economics & Logistics.
Arnold, J., Doda, D., & Rahayu, H. (2020). Analisis Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pemeliharaan Alat Container Crane dan Rubber Tyred Gantries. Jurnal E-Biomedik, 8(2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v8i2.29553
Basulo-ribeiro, J. (2024). Industry 4 . 0 Supporting Logistics Towards Smart Ports : Benefits , Challenges and Trends Based on A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management JIEM, 17(2), 492–515. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.6180
Budiyanto, M. A., & Fernanda, H. (2020). Risk assessment of work accident in container terminals using the fault tree analysis method. In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (Vol. 8, Issue 6, pp. 68–83). https://doi.org/10.3390/JMSE8060466
Cao, X., & Lam, J. S. L. (2018). Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1516049
Chen, R., Zhang, J., & Wang, H. (2025). Autonomous fleet management system in smart ports: Practical design and analytical considerations. Multimodal Transportation, 4(3), 100211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2025.100211
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks.
Fabiano, B., Currò, F., Reverberi, A. P., & Pastorino, R. (2010). Port safety and the container revolution: A statistical study on human factor and occupational accidents over the long period. Safety Science, 48(8), 980–990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.08.007
Filomena, M., & Picchio, M. (2024). Unsafe temperatures, unsafe jobs: The impact of weather conditions on work-related injuries. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 224(1), 851–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.016
Gonçalves, A., Dutra, A., & Mussi, C. C. (2025). Occupational risks and health and safety management strategies in the port sector: A systematic literature review. Safety Science, 184, 106767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106767
Hakim, A., Hariyono, W., & Solikhah, S. (2024). Analysis of safety talks or safety communication in industry : a literature review. EduHealt, 15(1), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v15i01
Issa-Zadeh, B., & Garay-Rondero, C. (2025). Maritime Pilotage and Sustainable Seaport: A Systematic Review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(5), 945–965. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050945
Li, W., Bai, X., Yang, D., & Hou, Y. (2023). Maritime connectivity, transport infrastructure expansion and economic growth: A global perspective. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 170(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103609
Maulidia, D., Ardani, M. F., & Sulistiawati, S. (2024). Analisis Keselamatan Dan Evaluasi Risiko Kecelakaan:Studi Kasus Kerusakan Dermaga Akibat Keputusan Olah Gerak Di Pelabuhan XYZ. 25(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.33556/jstm
Mugenda, O. ., & Mugenda. (2003). Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. ACT.
Nurwani Sarah, A. dan C. P. (2018). Analisis kinerja operasional peralatan bongkar muat peti kemas di pelabuhan makassar. Sensistek, 1(1), 100–103.
Phuong, H., Quy, P., Nguyen, P., Khoa, D., Nguyen, P., & Duc, V. (2023). Application of IoT Technologies in Seaport Management. JOIV, 7(1), 228–240. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.1.1697 Abstract
Produção, G., Costella, M., Dalcanton, F., Cardinal, S., Vilbert, S., & Pelegrini, G. (2020). Maintenance, occupational health and safety: a systematic review of the literature. Gestão & Produção, 27(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530x3922-20
Rahman, N., Wahyudi, A., Sari, S. M., Nur’aina Basir, & Nurhapipa. (2023). Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 ) Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Di PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Dumai Tahun 2023. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(3), 3447–3462.
Ramadhani, T. N., & Hasibuan, A. (2024). Pengaruh Pelatihan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Pengurangan Tingkat Kecelakaan Di Tempat Kerja. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(6), 550–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i6.610
Shinta Mardiana Dewi, Ririn Dwi Astuti Kartikasari, A. P. (2024). Sinergitas Job Safety Analysis Dan Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Sebagai Katalisator Keselamatan Kerja Di Pelabuhan Indonesia. Edunomika, 8(4), 1–14.
Verschuur, J., Koks, E. E., & Hall, J. W. (2020). Port disruptions due to natural disasters: Insights into port and logistics resilience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102393
Walters, David, & Wadsworth, Emma. (2020). Arrangements for workers’ safety and health in container terminals: Corporate core values and concrete practice. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 43(1), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X19893767
Wang, K., Xu, H., Wang, H., Qiu, R., Hu, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Digital twin-driven safety management and decision support approach for port operations and logistics. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1455522
Zhang et al., J. (2024). A multidimensional framework for port operational efficiency. Maritime Economics & Logistics.
Basulo-ribeiro, J. (2024). Industry 4 . 0 Supporting Logistics Towards Smart Ports : Benefits , Challenges and Trends Based on A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management JIEM, 17(2), 492–515. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.6180
Budiyanto, M. A., & Fernanda, H. (2020). Risk assessment of work accident in container terminals using the fault tree analysis method. In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (Vol. 8, Issue 6, pp. 68–83). https://doi.org/10.3390/JMSE8060466
Cao, X., & Lam, J. S. L. (2018). Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1516049
Chen, R., Zhang, J., & Wang, H. (2025). Autonomous fleet management system in smart ports: Practical design and analytical considerations. Multimodal Transportation, 4(3), 100211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2025.100211
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks.
Fabiano, B., Currò, F., Reverberi, A. P., & Pastorino, R. (2010). Port safety and the container revolution: A statistical study on human factor and occupational accidents over the long period. Safety Science, 48(8), 980–990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.08.007
Filomena, M., & Picchio, M. (2024). Unsafe temperatures, unsafe jobs: The impact of weather conditions on work-related injuries. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 224(1), 851–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.016
Gonçalves, A., Dutra, A., & Mussi, C. C. (2025). Occupational risks and health and safety management strategies in the port sector: A systematic literature review. Safety Science, 184, 106767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106767
Hakim, A., Hariyono, W., & Solikhah, S. (2024). Analysis of safety talks or safety communication in industry : a literature review. EduHealt, 15(1), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v15i01
Issa-Zadeh, B., & Garay-Rondero, C. (2025). Maritime Pilotage and Sustainable Seaport: A Systematic Review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(5), 945–965. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050945
Li, W., Bai, X., Yang, D., & Hou, Y. (2023). Maritime connectivity, transport infrastructure expansion and economic growth: A global perspective. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 170(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103609
Maulidia, D., Ardani, M. F., & Sulistiawati, S. (2024). Analisis Keselamatan Dan Evaluasi Risiko Kecelakaan:Studi Kasus Kerusakan Dermaga Akibat Keputusan Olah Gerak Di Pelabuhan XYZ. 25(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.33556/jstm
Mugenda, O. ., & Mugenda. (2003). Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. ACT.
Nurwani Sarah, A. dan C. P. (2018). Analisis kinerja operasional peralatan bongkar muat peti kemas di pelabuhan makassar. Sensistek, 1(1), 100–103.
Phuong, H., Quy, P., Nguyen, P., Khoa, D., Nguyen, P., & Duc, V. (2023). Application of IoT Technologies in Seaport Management. JOIV, 7(1), 228–240. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.1.1697 Abstract
Produção, G., Costella, M., Dalcanton, F., Cardinal, S., Vilbert, S., & Pelegrini, G. (2020). Maintenance, occupational health and safety: a systematic review of the literature. Gestão & Produção, 27(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530x3922-20
Rahman, N., Wahyudi, A., Sari, S. M., Nur’aina Basir, & Nurhapipa. (2023). Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 ) Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Di PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Dumai Tahun 2023. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(3), 3447–3462.
Ramadhani, T. N., & Hasibuan, A. (2024). Pengaruh Pelatihan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Pengurangan Tingkat Kecelakaan Di Tempat Kerja. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(6), 550–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i6.610
Shinta Mardiana Dewi, Ririn Dwi Astuti Kartikasari, A. P. (2024). Sinergitas Job Safety Analysis Dan Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Sebagai Katalisator Keselamatan Kerja Di Pelabuhan Indonesia. Edunomika, 8(4), 1–14.
Verschuur, J., Koks, E. E., & Hall, J. W. (2020). Port disruptions due to natural disasters: Insights into port and logistics resilience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102393
Walters, David, & Wadsworth, Emma. (2020). Arrangements for workers’ safety and health in container terminals: Corporate core values and concrete practice. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 43(1), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X19893767
Wang, K., Xu, H., Wang, H., Qiu, R., Hu, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Digital twin-driven safety management and decision support approach for port operations and logistics. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1455522
Zhang et al., J. (2024). A multidimensional framework for port operational efficiency. Maritime Economics & Logistics.
Arnold, J., Doda, D., & Rahayu, H. (2020). Analisis Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pemeliharaan Alat Container Crane dan Rubber Tyred Gantries. Jurnal E-Biomedik, 8(2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v8i2.29553
Basulo-ribeiro, J. (2024). Industry 4 . 0 Supporting Logistics Towards Smart Ports : Benefits , Challenges and Trends Based on A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management JIEM, 17(2), 492–515. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.6180
Budiyanto, M. A., & Fernanda, H. (2020). Risk assessment of work accident in container terminals using the fault tree analysis method. In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (Vol. 8, Issue 6, pp. 68–83). https://doi.org/10.3390/JMSE8060466
Cao, X., & Lam, J. S. L. (2018). Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1516049
Chen, R., Zhang, J., & Wang, H. (2025). Autonomous fleet management system in smart ports: Practical design and analytical considerations. Multimodal Transportation, 4(3), 100211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2025.100211
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks.
Fabiano, B., Currò, F., Reverberi, A. P., & Pastorino, R. (2010). Port safety and the container revolution: A statistical study on human factor and occupational accidents over the long period. Safety Science, 48(8), 980–990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.08.007
Filomena, M., & Picchio, M. (2024). Unsafe temperatures, unsafe jobs: The impact of weather conditions on work-related injuries. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 224(1), 851–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.016
Gonçalves, A., Dutra, A., & Mussi, C. C. (2025). Occupational risks and health and safety management strategies in the port sector: A systematic literature review. Safety Science, 184, 106767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106767
Hakim, A., Hariyono, W., & Solikhah, S. (2024). Analysis of safety talks or safety communication in industry : a literature review. EduHealt, 15(1), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v15i01
Issa-Zadeh, B., & Garay-Rondero, C. (2025). Maritime Pilotage and Sustainable Seaport: A Systematic Review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(5), 945–965. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050945
Li, W., Bai, X., Yang, D., & Hou, Y. (2023). Maritime connectivity, transport infrastructure expansion and economic growth: A global perspective. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 170(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103609
Maulidia, D., Ardani, M. F., & Sulistiawati, S. (2024). Analisis Keselamatan Dan Evaluasi Risiko Kecelakaan:Studi Kasus Kerusakan Dermaga Akibat Keputusan Olah Gerak Di Pelabuhan XYZ. 25(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.33556/jstm
Mugenda, O. ., & Mugenda. (2003). Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. ACT.
Nurwani Sarah, A. dan C. P. (2018). Analisis kinerja operasional peralatan bongkar muat peti kemas di pelabuhan makassar. Sensistek, 1(1), 100–103.
Phuong, H., Quy, P., Nguyen, P., Khoa, D., Nguyen, P., & Duc, V. (2023). Application of IoT Technologies in Seaport Management. JOIV, 7(1), 228–240. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.1.1697 Abstract
Produção, G., Costella, M., Dalcanton, F., Cardinal, S., Vilbert, S., & Pelegrini, G. (2020). Maintenance, occupational health and safety: a systematic review of the literature. Gestão & Produção, 27(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530x3922-20
Rahman, N., Wahyudi, A., Sari, S. M., Nur’aina Basir, & Nurhapipa. (2023). Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 ) Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Di PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Dumai Tahun 2023. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(3), 3447–3462.
Ramadhani, T. N., & Hasibuan, A. (2024). Pengaruh Pelatihan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Pengurangan Tingkat Kecelakaan Di Tempat Kerja. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(6), 550–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i6.610
Shinta Mardiana Dewi, Ririn Dwi Astuti Kartikasari, A. P. (2024). Sinergitas Job Safety Analysis Dan Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Sebagai Katalisator Keselamatan Kerja Di Pelabuhan Indonesia. Edunomika, 8(4), 1–14.
Verschuur, J., Koks, E. E., & Hall, J. W. (2020). Port disruptions due to natural disasters: Insights into port and logistics resilience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102393
Walters, David, & Wadsworth, Emma. (2020). Arrangements for workers’ safety and health in container terminals: Corporate core values and concrete practice. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 43(1), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X19893767
Wang, K., Xu, H., Wang, H., Qiu, R., Hu, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Digital twin-driven safety management and decision support approach for port operations and logistics. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1455522
Zhang et al., J. (2024). A multidimensional framework for port operational efficiency. Maritime Economics & Logistics.
Arnold, J., Doda, D., & Rahayu, H. (2020). Analisis Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pemeliharaan Alat Container Crane dan Rubber Tyred Gantries. Jurnal E-Biomedik, 8(2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v8i2.29553
Basulo-ribeiro, J. (2024). Industry 4 . 0 Supporting Logistics Towards Smart Ports : Benefits , Challenges and Trends Based on A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management JIEM, 17(2), 492–515. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.6180
Budiyanto, M. A., & Fernanda, H. (2020). Risk assessment of work accident in container terminals using the fault tree analysis method. In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (Vol. 8, Issue 6, pp. 68–83). https://doi.org/10.3390/JMSE8060466
Cao, X., & Lam, J. S. L. (2018). Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1516049
Chen, R., Zhang, J., & Wang, H. (2025). Autonomous fleet management system in smart ports: Practical design and analytical considerations. Multimodal Transportation, 4(3), 100211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2025.100211
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks.
Fabiano, B., Currò, F., Reverberi, A. P., & Pastorino, R. (2010). Port safety and the container revolution: A statistical study on human factor and occupational accidents over the long period. Safety Science, 48(8), 980–990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.08.007
Filomena, M., & Picchio, M. (2024). Unsafe temperatures, unsafe jobs: The impact of weather conditions on work-related injuries. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 224(1), 851–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.016
Gonçalves, A., Dutra, A., & Mussi, C. C. (2025). Occupational risks and health and safety management strategies in the port sector: A systematic literature review. Safety Science, 184, 106767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106767
Hakim, A., Hariyono, W., & Solikhah, S. (2024). Analysis of safety talks or safety communication in industry : a literature review. EduHealt, 15(1), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v15i01
Issa-Zadeh, B., & Garay-Rondero, C. (2025). Maritime Pilotage and Sustainable Seaport: A Systematic Review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(5), 945–965. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050945
Li, W., Bai, X., Yang, D., & Hou, Y. (2023). Maritime connectivity, transport infrastructure expansion and economic growth: A global perspective. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 170(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103609
Maulidia, D., Ardani, M. F., & Sulistiawati, S. (2024). Analisis Keselamatan Dan Evaluasi Risiko Kecelakaan:Studi Kasus Kerusakan Dermaga Akibat Keputusan Olah Gerak Di Pelabuhan XYZ. 25(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.33556/jstm
Mugenda, O. ., & Mugenda. (2003). Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. ACT.
Nurwani Sarah, A. dan C. P. (2018). Analisis kinerja operasional peralatan bongkar muat peti kemas di pelabuhan makassar. Sensistek, 1(1), 100–103.
Phuong, H., Quy, P., Nguyen, P., Khoa, D., Nguyen, P., & Duc, V. (2023). Application of IoT Technologies in Seaport Management. JOIV, 7(1), 228–240. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.1.1697 Abstract
Produção, G., Costella, M., Dalcanton, F., Cardinal, S., Vilbert, S., & Pelegrini, G. (2020). Maintenance, occupational health and safety: a systematic review of the literature. Gestão & Produção, 27(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530x3922-20
Rahman, N., Wahyudi, A., Sari, S. M., Nur’aina Basir, & Nurhapipa. (2023). Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 ) Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Di PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Dumai Tahun 2023. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(3), 3447–3462.
Ramadhani, T. N., & Hasibuan, A. (2024). Pengaruh Pelatihan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Pengurangan Tingkat Kecelakaan Di Tempat Kerja. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(6), 550–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i6.610
Shinta Mardiana Dewi, Ririn Dwi Astuti Kartikasari, A. P. (2024). Sinergitas Job Safety Analysis Dan Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Sebagai Katalisator Keselamatan Kerja Di Pelabuhan Indonesia. Edunomika, 8(4), 1–14.
Verschuur, J., Koks, E. E., & Hall, J. W. (2020). Port disruptions due to natural disasters: Insights into port and logistics resilience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102393
Walters, David, & Wadsworth, Emma. (2020). Arrangements for workers’ safety and health in container terminals: Corporate core values and concrete practice. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 43(1), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X19893767
Wang, K., Xu, H., Wang, H., Qiu, R., Hu, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Digital twin-driven safety management and decision support approach for port operations and logistics. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1455522
Zhang et al., J. (2024). A multidimensional framework for port operational efficiency. Maritime Economics & Logistics.
Arnold, J., Doda, D., & Rahayu, H. (2020). Analisis Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Pemeliharaan Alat Container Crane dan Rubber Tyred Gantries. Jurnal E-Biomedik, 8(2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v8i2.29553
Basulo-ribeiro, J. (2024). Industry 4 . 0 Supporting Logistics Towards Smart Ports : Benefits , Challenges and Trends Based on A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management JIEM, 17(2), 492–515. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.6180
Budiyanto, M. A., & Fernanda, H. (2020). Risk assessment of work accident in container terminals using the fault tree analysis method. In Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (Vol. 8, Issue 6, pp. 68–83). https://doi.org/10.3390/JMSE8060466
Cao, X., & Lam, J. S. L. (2018). Simulation-based severe weather-induced container terminal economic loss estimation. Maritime Policy & Management, 46(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2018.1516049
Chen, R., Zhang, J., & Wang, H. (2025). Autonomous fleet management system in smart ports: Practical design and analytical considerations. Multimodal Transportation, 4(3), 100211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.multra.2025.100211
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks.
Fabiano, B., Currò, F., Reverberi, A. P., & Pastorino, R. (2010). Port safety and the container revolution: A statistical study on human factor and occupational accidents over the long period. Safety Science, 48(8), 980–990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2009.08.007
Filomena, M., & Picchio, M. (2024). Unsafe temperatures, unsafe jobs: The impact of weather conditions on work-related injuries. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 224(1), 851–875. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2024.06.016
Gonçalves, A., Dutra, A., & Mussi, C. C. (2025). Occupational risks and health and safety management strategies in the port sector: A systematic literature review. Safety Science, 184, 106767. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2024.106767
Hakim, A., Hariyono, W., & Solikhah, S. (2024). Analysis of safety talks or safety communication in industry : a literature review. EduHealt, 15(1), 534–545. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v15i01
Issa-Zadeh, B., & Garay-Rondero, C. (2025). Maritime Pilotage and Sustainable Seaport: A Systematic Review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(5), 945–965. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050945
Li, W., Bai, X., Yang, D., & Hou, Y. (2023). Maritime connectivity, transport infrastructure expansion and economic growth: A global perspective. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 170(1), 11–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103609
Maulidia, D., Ardani, M. F., & Sulistiawati, S. (2024). Analisis Keselamatan Dan Evaluasi Risiko Kecelakaan:Studi Kasus Kerusakan Dermaga Akibat Keputusan Olah Gerak Di Pelabuhan XYZ. 25(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.33556/jstm
Mugenda, O. ., & Mugenda. (2003). Research Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. ACT.
Nurwani Sarah, A. dan C. P. (2018). Analisis kinerja operasional peralatan bongkar muat peti kemas di pelabuhan makassar. Sensistek, 1(1), 100–103.
Phuong, H., Quy, P., Nguyen, P., Khoa, D., Nguyen, P., & Duc, V. (2023). Application of IoT Technologies in Seaport Management. JOIV, 7(1), 228–240. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.7.1.1697 Abstract
Produção, G., Costella, M., Dalcanton, F., Cardinal, S., Vilbert, S., & Pelegrini, G. (2020). Maintenance, occupational health and safety: a systematic review of the literature. Gestão & Produção, 27(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530x3922-20
Rahman, N., Wahyudi, A., Sari, S. M., Nur’aina Basir, & Nurhapipa. (2023). Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 ) Pada Pekerjaan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas Di PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Dumai Tahun 2023. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(3), 3447–3462.
Ramadhani, T. N., & Hasibuan, A. (2024). Pengaruh Pelatihan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Terhadap Pengurangan Tingkat Kecelakaan Di Tempat Kerja. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(6), 550–555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i6.610
Shinta Mardiana Dewi, Ririn Dwi Astuti Kartikasari, A. P. (2024). Sinergitas Job Safety Analysis Dan Manajemen Pelayanan Publik Sebagai Katalisator Keselamatan Kerja Di Pelabuhan Indonesia. Edunomika, 8(4), 1–14.
Verschuur, J., Koks, E. E., & Hall, J. W. (2020). Port disruptions due to natural disasters: Insights into port and logistics resilience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102393
Walters, David, & Wadsworth, Emma. (2020). Arrangements for workers’ safety and health in container terminals: Corporate core values and concrete practice. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 43(1), 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X19893767
Wang, K., Xu, H., Wang, H., Qiu, R., Hu, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Digital twin-driven safety management and decision support approach for port operations and logistics. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1455522
Zhang et al., J. (2024). A multidimensional framework for port operational efficiency. Maritime Economics & Logistics.
