Students' Attitudes on Blended Learning-Based Instruction in Indonesian EFL Classroom
Keywords:
Blended Learning, Attitude, EFL Classroom
Abstract
This study explores the students' attitudes on blended learning-based instruction in
Indonesian EFL classrooms. It employs a descriptive study using a purposive sampling
technique and taking 34 respondents from EFL university students. The questionnaire
and interview were used to collect data on the perception of EFL university students on
blended learning-based instruction in the process of learning in the EFL classroom. The
result of the study shows the students' perception of the integration of blended learning
in the classroom. It falls into some categories: the usefulness of blended learning, the
institutional support, the impact of blended learning on the students learning, and the
percentage use of blended learning as well as challenges encountered in using blended
learning. This research is expected to be of benefit to lecturers, students, and
stakeholders to enrich knowledge and develop language skills and proficiency based on
blended learning instruction in the Indonesian EFL classroom.
References
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process: A balance for motivation and achievement. TOJDE: Turkish Online
Journal of Distance Education, 15, 108-121.
Jafar, M., Rahman,A.Q. (2019). Exploring Teachers’ Perception of Professional
Development in Indonesian EFL Classroom, Asian ESP Journal, Vol. 25 No. 5.2
(2019)
Kobayashi, K., & Little, A. (2011). Learner perceptions on the usefulness of a blended
learning EFL program. The JALT CALL Journal, 7(1), 103-107.
Lalima, & Dangwal, K. L. (2017). Blended Learning: An Innovative Approach. Universal
Journal of Educational Research, 5(1), 129–136.
https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050116
Leakey, J., & Ranchoux, A. (2006). BLINGUA. A blended language learning approach
for CALL.Computer Assisted Language Learning, 19(4-5), 357-372.
Lim, D. H., & Morris, M. L. (2009). Learner and instructional factors influencing
learning outcomes within a Blended Learning environment. Educational
Technology & Society, 12(4), 282-293. Retrieved from
http://www.ifets.info/journals/12_4/24.pdf
Liu, M. (2013). Blended learning in a university EFL writing course: Description and
evaluation. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 4(2), 301-309.
Mackenzie, D., Promnitz -Hayashi, L., Geluso, J., Delgado, R., Castellano, J., &
Hinkelman, D. (2011). Blended learning spaces: Synchronous blending. The JALT
CALL Journal, 7(1), 43-60
Mehmet, Ş. (2011). Opinions of Trainers on Blended Learning Model. (September).
Higher Education Funding Council for England. (2005). HEFCE strategy for elearning. Statements of policy.
Mortera-Gutierrez, F. (2006). Faculty best practices using blended learning in elearning and face- to-face instruction. International Journal on E-Learning, 5(3),
313-337. Retrieved from http://www.editlib.org/f/6079
Miyazoe, T., & Anderson, T. (2010). Learning outcomes and students’ perceptions of
online writing: Simultaneous implementation of a forum, blog, and wiki in an EFL
blended learning setting. System, 38, 185-199.
Nissen, E., & Tea, E. (2012). Going blended: new challenges for second generation L2
tutors. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 25(2), 145-163.
doi:10.1080/09588221.2011.636052
O’Connor, C., Mortimer, D., & Bond, S. (2011) Blended Learning, Issues, Benefits and
Challenges. IJES
R. E. Boyatzis, (1998) Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and
code development. Sage.
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memory,” Handb. Eyewitness Psychol. Vol. I Mem. Events. Renstra Dikti.
Retrieved July 2019 from https://ristekdikti.go.id/renstra/
Ruth Colvin Clark and Richard E. Mayer. (2008). e-Learning and the Science of
Instruction.
Şahin -Kızıl, A. (2014). Blended instruction for EFL learners: Engagement, learning and
course satisfaction. The JALT CALL Journal, 10(3), 175-188
Shahrokni, S. A., & Talaeizadeh, A. (2013). Learning processes in blended language
learning: A mixed-methods approach. TESL EJ, 17(3), 1-34.
Sharpe, R., Benfield, G., Roberts, G., & Francis, R. (2006) The undergraduate
experiences of blended e-learning: A review of UK literature and practice. Retrieved
from
http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/documents/teachingandresearch/Sharpe_Be
nfield_Roberts_Francis.pdf
Siew-Eng, L., & Muuk, M. A. (2015). Blended learning in teaching secondary schools’
English: A preparation for tertiary science education in Malaysia. Procedia - Social
and Behavioral Sciences, 167, 293 – 300.
Syam, H., Basri, M., Abduh, A., & Patak, A. A. (2019). Hybrid e-Learning in Industrial
Revolution 4 . 0 for Indonesia Higher Education. 9(4), 1183–1189.
The Clayton Christensen Institute for Disruptive Innovation. Retrieved August 15, 2019
2019https://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-definitions-andmodels/
Tucker, C. R. (2012). Blended learning in grades 4-12: Leveraging the power of
technology to create student-centered classrooms. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
Tuncay, N., & Uzunboylu, H. (2012). English language teachers’ success in blended
learning and online e-learning-learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,
47, 131 – 137.
Voos, R. (2003). Blended Learning: What is it and where might it take us? Sloan-C
View, 2(1), 2- 5.
Veronica, O. E., & Samuel, M. B. (2017). The Teaching and Learning of Intensive French
at Ekiti State University: A Literacy Based Model for Second Language
Acquisition in Nigeria. Currents in Teaching & Learning, 9(1).
Yang, Y. (2012). Blended learning for college students with English reading difficulties.
Computer Assisted Language Learning, 25(5), 393-410.
doi:10.1080/09588221.2011.597767
Yang, Y. (2014). Preparing language teachers for blended teaching of summary writing.
Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(3), 185-206.
doi:10.1080/09588221.2012.701633
Yang, Y. C., Chuang, Y., Li, L., & Tseng, S. (2013). A blended learning environment for
individualized English listening and speaking integrating critical thinking.
Computers & Education, 63, 285–305.
Opportunities. Challenges and Strategies for Innovative Classroom Practices, 2(1),
1–13.
Akbarov, A., Gönen, K., & Aydoğan, H. (2018). Students ’ Attitudes Toward Blended
Learning in EFL Context. Acta Didactica Napocensia, 11(1), 61–68.
https://doi.org/10.24193/adn.11.1.5.62
Akkoyunlu, B., & Soylu, M.Y. (2008). A study of student’s perceptions in a blended
learning environment based on different learning styles. Educational Technology&
Society, 11(1).
Aladwan, F., Fakhouri, H. N., Alawamrah, A., & Rababah, O. (2018). Students Attitudes
toward Blended Learning among students of the University of Jordan. Canadian
Center of Science and Education, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n12p217
Aldridge, A., & Levine, K. (2001) Surveying the Social World. Buckingham
Philadelphia: Open University Press
Al-Khalidi, I. (2021). Using the Triple E Framework as an Instructional Design Tool for
the Assessment of Technology Integration in a Variety of TESOL Contexts. Asian
ESP Journal, 17 (2) 47-69
Anyam, E. A.., & Odey, E. A. (2015). Religion, Culture and Peace Education: Panacea to
Conflict Crisis in Nigeria. World Educators Forum, 7(1), 176-192.
Arifin, M. A & As’ad M.S. (2019). Students Engagement, Collaborative Learning, and
Flipped Classroom as a Basis for a Blended Learning Environment, Asian EFL
Journal, Vol. 24 No. 4.1.
Badaruddin, Noni, N, Jabu, B. (2019). The Potential of ICT in Blended Learning Model
toward Education 4.0 Need Analysis-Based Learning Design for ELT, Asian EFL
Journal, Vol. 24 No. 4.1.
Bakeer, A. M. (2018). Students’ Attitudes towards Implementing Blended Learning in
Teaching English in Higher Education Institutions : A Case of Al-Quds Open
University. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 8(6), 131–139.
https://doi.org/10.30845/ijhss.v8n6p15
Banditvilai, C. (2012). Enhancing Students’ Language Skills through Blended Learning.
The Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 4(5/6), 304.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTEL.2012.051816
Bonk , C.J and Graham, C.R .(2006). The handbook of Blended Learning. Global
Perspectives, Local designs. San Fransisco: Pfeiffer.
Boyle, T., Bradley, C., Chalk, P., Jones, R. & Pickard, P. (2003). Using Blended Learning
to improve student success rates in learning to program. Journal of Educational
Media.
Chan, C. H. (2014). Building anonline library for interpretation training: explorations
into an effective blended-learning mode. Computer Assisted Language Learning,
27(5), 454-479. doi:10.1080/09588221.2013.770034
Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended
learning: the new normal and emerging technologies. International Journal of
Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), 1–16.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0087-
Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes: Book Review. In Fort
Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895810383803
EDUCAUSE. (2017) 2017 key issues in teaching & learning. Retrieved from
https://www.EDUCAUSE.edu/eli/initiatives/key-issues-in-teaching-and-learning
Erdem, M., Kibar, P. N. (2014). Students' opinions on Facebook supported blended
learning environment. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational
Technology, 13(1), 199-206.
Ferreira, A., Salinas, J. G., & Morales, S. (2014). Using a task-based approach for
supporting a blended learning model for English as a Foreign Language.
International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching, 4(1),
44-62.
Garnham, C., & Kaleta, R. (2002). Introduction to hybrid courses. Teaching with
Technology Today. Retrieved on August 15 from
https://hccelearning.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/introduction-to-hybridcourse1.pdf
Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended Learning: Uncovering its transformative
potential in higher education. Internet and Higher Education.
Graham, C. R. (2006). Blended learning systems: Definition, current trends, and future
directions. In Handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs
(pp. 3–21).
Haddock, G., & Maio, G. R. (2008). Attitudes: Content, Structure and Functions. In M.
Hewstone, W. Stroebe, & K. Jonas (Eds.), Introducton to social psychology, a
European perspective (pp. 112–134). Oxford: Blackwell.
İşigüzel, B. (2014). The blended learning environment on the foreign language learning
process: A balance for motivation and achievement. TOJDE: Turkish Online
Journal of Distance Education, 15, 108-121.
Jafar, M., Rahman,A.Q. (2019). Exploring Teachers’ Perception of Professional
Development in Indonesian EFL Classroom, Asian ESP Journal, Vol. 25 No. 5.2
(2019)
Kobayashi, K., & Little, A. (2011). Learner perceptions on the usefulness of a blended
learning EFL program. The JALT CALL Journal, 7(1), 103-107.
Lalima, & Dangwal, K. L. (2017). Blended Learning: An Innovative Approach. Universal
Journal of Educational Research, 5(1), 129–136.
https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050116
Leakey, J., & Ranchoux, A. (2006). BLINGUA. A blended language learning approach
for CALL.Computer Assisted Language Learning, 19(4-5), 357-372.
Lim, D. H., & Morris, M. L. (2009). Learner and instructional factors influencing
learning outcomes within a Blended Learning environment. Educational
Technology & Society, 12(4), 282-293. Retrieved from
http://www.ifets.info/journals/12_4/24.pdf
Liu, M. (2013). Blended learning in a university EFL writing course: Description and
evaluation. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 4(2), 301-309.
Mackenzie, D., Promnitz -Hayashi, L., Geluso, J., Delgado, R., Castellano, J., &
Hinkelman, D. (2011). Blended learning spaces: Synchronous blending. The JALT
CALL Journal, 7(1), 43-60
Mehmet, Ş. (2011). Opinions of Trainers on Blended Learning Model. (September).
Higher Education Funding Council for England. (2005). HEFCE strategy for elearning. Statements of policy.
Mortera-Gutierrez, F. (2006). Faculty best practices using blended learning in elearning and face- to-face instruction. International Journal on E-Learning, 5(3),
313-337. Retrieved from http://www.editlib.org/f/6079
Miyazoe, T., & Anderson, T. (2010). Learning outcomes and students’ perceptions of
online writing: Simultaneous implementation of a forum, blog, and wiki in an EFL
blended learning setting. System, 38, 185-199.
Nissen, E., & Tea, E. (2012). Going blended: new challenges for second generation L2
tutors. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 25(2), 145-163.
doi:10.1080/09588221.2011.636052
O’Connor, C., Mortimer, D., & Bond, S. (2011) Blended Learning, Issues, Benefits and
Challenges. IJES
R. E. Boyatzis, (1998) Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and
code development. Sage.
R. P. Fisher and N. Schreiber, (2017) “Interview protocols to improve eyewitness
memory,” Handb. Eyewitness Psychol. Vol. I Mem. Events. Renstra Dikti.
Retrieved July 2019 from https://ristekdikti.go.id/renstra/
Ruth Colvin Clark and Richard E. Mayer. (2008). e-Learning and the Science of
Instruction.
Şahin -Kızıl, A. (2014). Blended instruction for EFL learners: Engagement, learning and
course satisfaction. The JALT CALL Journal, 10(3), 175-188
Shahrokni, S. A., & Talaeizadeh, A. (2013). Learning processes in blended language
learning: A mixed-methods approach. TESL EJ, 17(3), 1-34.
Sharpe, R., Benfield, G., Roberts, G., & Francis, R. (2006) The undergraduate
experiences of blended e-learning: A review of UK literature and practice. Retrieved
from
http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/documents/teachingandresearch/Sharpe_Be
nfield_Roberts_Francis.pdf
Siew-Eng, L., & Muuk, M. A. (2015). Blended learning in teaching secondary schools’
English: A preparation for tertiary science education in Malaysia. Procedia - Social
and Behavioral Sciences, 167, 293 – 300.
Syam, H., Basri, M., Abduh, A., & Patak, A. A. (2019). Hybrid e-Learning in Industrial
Revolution 4 . 0 for Indonesia Higher Education. 9(4), 1183–1189.
The Clayton Christensen Institute for Disruptive Innovation. Retrieved August 15, 2019
2019https://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-definitions-andmodels/
Tucker, C. R. (2012). Blended learning in grades 4-12: Leveraging the power of
technology to create student-centered classrooms. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
Tuncay, N., & Uzunboylu, H. (2012). English language teachers’ success in blended
learning and online e-learning-learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,
47, 131 – 137.
Voos, R. (2003). Blended Learning: What is it and where might it take us? Sloan-C
View, 2(1), 2- 5.
Veronica, O. E., & Samuel, M. B. (2017). The Teaching and Learning of Intensive French
at Ekiti State University: A Literacy Based Model for Second Language
Acquisition in Nigeria. Currents in Teaching & Learning, 9(1).
Yang, Y. (2012). Blended learning for college students with English reading difficulties.
Computer Assisted Language Learning, 25(5), 393-410.
doi:10.1080/09588221.2011.597767
Yang, Y. (2014). Preparing language teachers for blended teaching of summary writing.
Computer Assisted Language Learning, 27(3), 185-206.
doi:10.1080/09588221.2012.701633
Yang, Y. C., Chuang, Y., Li, L., & Tseng, S. (2013). A blended learning environment for
individualized English listening and speaking integrating critical thinking.
Computers & Education, 63, 285–305.
